Thursday, 7 November 2013

Gaze Theory


The Four Looks
  1. Chocolate Box: half or full-smile, lips together or slightly parted, teeth barely visible, full or three-quarter face to camera. Projected mood: blandly pleasing, warm bath warmth, where uniformity of features in their smooth perfection is devoid of uniqueness or of individuality.
  2. Invitational: emphasis on the eyes, mouth shut or with only a hint of a smile, head to one side or looking back to camera. Projected mood: suggestive of mischief or mystery, the hint of contact potential rather than sexual promise, the cover equivalent of advertising’s soft sell.
  3. Super-smiler: full face, wide open toothy smile, head thrust forward or chin thrown back, hair often wind-blown. Projected mood: aggressive, ‘look-at-me’ demanding, the hard sell, ‘big come-on’ approach.
  4. Romantic or Sexual: a fourth and more general classification devised to include male and female ‘two-somes’; or the dreamy, heavy-lidded, unsmiling big-heads, or the overtly sensual or sexual.Projected moods: possible ‘available’ and definitely ‘available’. 

1 + 1 - Beyonce

Tuesday, 22 October 2013

Star Trek Research


Written by Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman and Damon Lindelof 

Directed by J.J Abrams

Produced by J.J Abrams, Bryan Burk and the Writers (as above)

Studios Bad Robot Productions, K/O Paper Productions and Skydance Productions

Distributor Paramount Studios.

Cast included star such as
Chris Pine Kirk
Zachary Quinto Spock
Karl Urban Bones
Simon Pegg Scotty
Benedict Cumberbatch Khan
Peter Weller Marcus

Released 16th May 2013

Genre Action/Sci-Fi/Fantasy

Budget estimated $190,000,000

Box office estimated $467,365,246

Rating PG13

Filming locations consisted of Iceland and Los Angeles, California
(7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California USA)
(Paramount Studios, 5555 Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California)

Critical Rating 7.9/10


Saturday, 19 October 2013

Avengers Research


Writers 
- (Screenplay) Joss Whedon
- (Story) Zak Penn

Director 
- Joss Whedon

Producer 
Kevin Feige

Stars
- Robert Downey Jr
- Chris Evans
- Scarlett Johansson
- Mark Ruffalo
- Chris Hemsworth

Genre
- Action/Fantasy

Certificate
12A

Studios
- Marvel Studios
- Walt Disney Studios (distributed)

Budget
$220,000,000

Year Of Release
2012

Release Date
4th May 2012

Gross Profit
$623,357,910

Critical Reception 
92% approval
8/10 (298 reviews)

Dredd Essay

Why did Dredd flop at the Box Office?
                                                          
The action thriller film Dredd was released in 2012. The producers for this film were Alex Garland, Andrew MacDonald and Allon Reich. The studios involved in it were DNA Films and IM Global and the distributors were Lionsgate and Entertainment Film. The main stars in Dredd were Karl Urban, playing Judge Dredd, Lena Headey playing Ma-Ma and Olivia Thirlby who played Anderson.  The marketing strategies used to promote the film were teaser trailers, an interactive website and posters. The estimated box office figure was $36,000,000 which was less than the original budget resulting in the film ‘flopping.’

In my opinion one of the reasons why Dredd failed to succeed as expected at the box office is because the film did not comply with, in Mark Kermode’s opinion, the four ways to enable success which are: to have a newsworthy budget, to include spectacular visuals, to not be a comedy and to include ‘A’ list stars. Although Dredd was not a comedy and contained superb visuals the other two aspects were not met.  The estimated budget for Dredd was a rather unimpressive $45,000,000 as opposed to its rival film The Avengers who had a huge budget of over $200,000,000. Other films released within the same space of time are films such as ‘The Dark Knight Rises’, ‘Skyfall’ and ‘The Amazing Spiderman’ which were all box office successes. A ‘newsworthy budget’ is anything above $100,000,000, which Dredd was not. The main reason for the budget being so small is because there were no A list stars involved in the film.

The Avengers included ‘A’ list stars such as Robert Downey Jr who is well known for his roles in Sherlock Holmes and the Iron Man sequels. Downey has been nominated for several awards including two Oscars, and has won three Golden Globe awards, one being for ‘Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical’ in the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes’. Downey is a well know and very well respected ‘A’ list star and has been nominated for an estimated 58 awards. On the other hand  Karl Urban, the lead in Dredd, is not so well known and has only been nominated for an estimated 12 awards,  the majority of which are cast related such as the BSFC award for ‘Best Assembled Cast’ for the cast of the well known film Star Trek. Urban is not classed as ‘A-list’ and has had no main roles in any well known or popular films.
The certificate given for Dredd was 18 which is justified by the amount of violent and gore ridden scenes included in the film. I believe that due to the high certificate rating the opportunity to create tie-ins such as figurines and animated games was limited as the audience would be grown adults, not children or teens. In comparison The Avengers certificate was a 12A, aimed at a much younger audience there by providing every opportunity to capitalise on merchandise such as games and figures, boosting the status of the film and its profits. I also believe that the certificate rating correlates with the marketing opportunities: as the film is an 18 the times at which it can be publicised are restricted to eliminate every possibility of an under 18 year old seeing trailers that are considered to be in appropriate for them. Owing to this, the trailers could only be show on the television after a certain time in the evening, if at all.

This film was a remake of the 1995 film starring the A list star Sylvester Stallone. Through researching this film I discovered that this also failed at the box office. Even though the film starred an undoubtedly famous actor. The budget for this film was higher than the 2012 remake, at an estimated $70,000,000, and made a mere total profit of just over $7,000,000. The first thing that came to mind after reading about this film was why the producers decided to make a remake of a film that performed so badly at the box office. As this film starred Stallone, a top ranking A List star, I can only imagine how high expectations must have been, which makes the failure even more surprising to me. 

The film was originally going to be released in 3D alone but due to the poor reception, was then granted 2D viewing. In my opinion the fact that this film was only released in 3D to begin with was another reason why it didn’t reach the targeted profit. With it only released in 3D this limits where the film can be seen as not all cinemas worldwide are equipped with the appropriate technology.

The film was based on the comic book series Judge Dredd which isn’t as famous and well known as those included in The Avengers. The Avengers consists of well known comic book characters, which all have their own separate films, coming together as a team. The film includes characters such as Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, Captain American and Hawkeye, all of which are unquestionably renowned. I think that the main reason for the success of The Avengers is because all characters included all have a well known background and all feature. Not only does The Avengers comply with Mark Kermode’s ‘list of four’ of using a newsworthy budget, A list stars, Visual effects and is not a comedy, but the film has such a detailed background that almost everyone is familiar with it. The critical rating for The Avengers was an impressive 92% or 8/10. Dredd also had good reviews with a 7/10 but due to the fact that the original story is not as renowned worldwide as the famous Marvel characters I believe that it had a huge part to play within the failure of the film.


In conclusion, Dredd flopped due to the producers not following the four rules set by Mark Kermode: having A list stars, a newsworthy budget, superb effects and to not be a comedy. With the original film failing surely the producers would consider what they could do differently to avoid a similar outcome. 

Friday, 18 October 2013

Four Quadrant Pictures

A Four Quadrant Picture is a marketing term used to describe a film targeted to all audience quadrants: men over 25, men under 25, women over 25, women under 25. 

Usage
In the movie business, and it is most definitely a business, everyone is looking to maximize the audience for their picture. A four-quadrant picture is that magical type of film that attracts parents and kids, men and women, and brings in huge amounts of revenue on opening weekend. In the term “four-quadrant,” the quadrants refer to gender (male and female) and age (under 25 and over 25).
For most studios, the goal is to get enough details to line up so that they have broad-based, family-friendly appeal in designing a blockbuster or four-quadrant film. An important aspect of getting that appeal is the ratings system. An 18 Rating can be the kiss of death for a studio trying to market a film featuring pre-teen characters. A lowering from PG-13 to PG can mean millions more in revenue as parents feel more comfortable bringing young children to a given film like Evan Almighty.

Examples
One of the most famous four-quadrant, blockbuster films is Star Wars and all of its sequels. Jaws is another landmark blockbuster film. Other more current examples include Night at the Museum, Journey to the Center of the Earth, Shrek (1-3), Spiderman (1-3), Pirates of the Caribbean (1-3), andWall-E.

Implications
Another interesting by-product of the rise of four-quadrant films in the industry is cross marketing. Those films often are associated with toys and other products that both advertise the film and bring in revenue on their own. In addition, four-quadrant films are powerful vehicles for product placement advertisers looking to show their wares to the largest audience possible.
On the down side, many wonder how much effort is placed on credible, engaging story lines as opposed to marketing opportunities in these behemoth cinematic endeavors.

"The Big Six"



A major film studio is a film producer and production company that releases a substantial number of films annually.
The Big Six film studios are:

1. Warner Bros. Pictures. Comprising a whopping 19.7 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures), Warner Bros. Pictures is the biggest player in the film industry. Securing the rights to major films like Harry Potter, Superman, Batman, The Matrix and Star Wars have made Warner Bros. the No. 1 name in the business.


2. Paramount Pictures. With 15.5 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures), Paramount Pictures continues to be one of the most successful film production companies in the world. Star Trek, War of the Worlds, the Mission Impossible series, Transformers and Tropic Thunder are just a few of the popular films produced by Paramount Pictures.



3. Walt Disney. One of the most renowned film production companies in the history of the business, Walt Disney now holds 15.3 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures). With highly successful movies like Pirates of the Caribbean, National Treasure, Meet the Robinsons and Enchanted, there's no doubt that Disney will continue to play a key role in the industry for years to come.





4. Columbia Pictures. Comprising 12.9 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures), Columbia Pictures remains a big player in the business. Some of this company's recent successes include Casino Royale, The Da Vinci Code, the Spider-Man series and Step Brothers.

5. Universal Studios. 12.2 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures) belongs to Universal Studios, which continues to make millions for the film industry. With major hits like the Bourne series (Bourne Identity, Bourne Supremacy and Bourne Ultimatum), The American Pie series, Knocked Up, American Gangster and The Incredible Hulk, it's very clear that Universal Studios knows what it takes to make money in this industry.

6. 20th Century Fox. Also known as "Twentieth Century Fox," this highly successful movie production company makes up 11.9 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures). Some of the biggest and most successful movies from this empire include the X-Men series, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Star Wars Episodes II and III, and the Fantastic Four.

Seven Key Areas of Audience and Intitutions


  • The issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice; (how does who owns a media company influence the type of film made and its potential success? For example do BIG companies make BIG films and therefore make all the money? Is it possible for small companies to succeed?)
  • The importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing; (how do companies work together to produce, distribute and publicize a film? How can Disney use their size to promote and publicise a film? How can small companies work together to promote their business' when making and promoting a film?)
  • The technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange; (how has the introduction of digital film, 3D, DVD, Blue Ray, internet streaming, downloadable content, home cinema influenced the types of films made, the way we watch them and the way we 'buy' them?)
  • The significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences; (how and why have film companies had to alter the way they work now everyone has web enabled phones, PC's, consoles etc? How have audiences changed their viewing habits now we no longer need to go to the cinema to watch a film)
  • The importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences; (can you think of examples of how different technologies have come together to help the film industry?) 
  • The issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions; (how do film companies try and attract their audience? Do they do different things in different countries?)
  • The ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour. (what is your opinion on the above? Do you see the developments as a good or bad thing?)